Nail Fungus: Causes, Risks and Treatment
Nail fungus, scientifically known as onychomycosis, is a common dermatological condition that affects approximately 10% of the world’s population. It is a fungal infection that affects the nails, especially the feet, causing aesthetic and functional problems, but also serious complications if not treated in time.
Causes of nail fungus
Nail fungus is caused by several factors:
- Moisture and heat: Fungi thrive in warm and moist environments, such as closed shoes.
- Reduced blood circulation: Often seen in the elderly or people with diabetes.
- Injuries: Micro-injuries to the nails can be a portal of entry for fungi.
- Excessive use of antibiotics: Frequent use of antibiotics can disrupt the natural flora of the skin and increase the risk of fungal infections.
- Sharing objects: Using shared towels or manicure-pedicure tools increases the risk of transmission.
Symptoms and appearance
The main symptoms of onychomycosis include:
- • Change in the color of the nail (yellowing or whitening)
- • Thickening or crumbling of the nail
- • Detachment of the nail from the bed
- • Bad smell
Risks and complications
Although nail fungus is not considered an immediate health hazard, it can cause significant complications:
- Spread of infection: Fungi can spread to other nails or body parts.
- Secondary bacterial infections: Especially in people with a weakened immune system.
- Chronic pain: In advanced cases, pain and difficulty walking can occur.
- Psychological effects: The aesthetic alteration of nails can affect self-confidence and quality of life.
Treatment and prevention
Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial. Treatment options include:
- • Topical antifungal drugs
- • Systemic treatment with antifungal pills
- • Laser treatment in some cases
For prevention, it is recommended:
- • Good foot hygiene
- • Use of antifungal powder in closed shoes
- • Avoid walking barefoot in public places
- • Regular check of the nails for any changes
Nail fungus, although not directly dangerous, can cause significant complications and affect quality of life. Early recognition of symptoms and prompt treatment are critical for effective treatment. It is important to consult a dermatologist prior to any treatment to ensure a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment. With proper care and preventive measures, we can keep our nails healthy and beautiful.
